How can soil compaction affect plant health?

Soil compaction significantly impacts plant health primarily by restricting root growth and diminishing the penetration of oxygen and water. When soil becomes compacted, the particles are pressed closer together, creating a denser structure that can impede the ability of roots to expand and explore the soil for moisture and nutrients. Additionally, compacted soil has reduced pore space, which limits airflow and can lead to a lack of oxygen necessary for root respiration and overall plant vitality. Without adequate oxygen and water availability, plants can suffer from stress, reduced growth rates, and ultimately, decreased health, which can lead to longer-term negative effects on productivity and survival. Therefore, understanding and managing soil compaction is crucial for promoting healthy plant growth.