What characterizes drip irrigation systems?

Drip irrigation systems are characterized by their ability to deliver water directly to the root zone of plants in a controlled and efficient manner. This method minimizes water wastage by providing moisture where it is needed most, which enhances plant growth and reduces evaporation and runoff. The precision of drip irrigation makes it especially valuable for conserving water, improving crop yields, and addressing specific watering needs depending on the plant's growth stage.

The other options do not accurately describe the key features of drip irrigation. High water waste is typically associated with less efficient watering methods. While drip irrigation can be used on large farms, it is also beneficial for small-scale and urban gardening. Additionally, while maintenance is necessary to keep the system functioning optimally, it does not require as frequent maintenance as some traditional irrigation methods due to its design, which reduces issues like clogging and overwatering.